Papachristos and Kirk (2006) suggest that social disorganization theory predicted gang homicides but not other kinds of homicides because ______.

a. neighborhoods where general violence and gang violence are high are not necessarily the same
b. there was incomplete homicide data on non-gang homicides
c. communities with a strong gang presence were also impoverished
d. collective efficacy was only a significant predictor of gang homicides


a. neighborhoods where general violence and gang violence are high are not necessarily the same

Criminal Justice

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Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

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a. True b. False

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What will be an ideal response?

Criminal Justice