From genetic testing, a patient learns that a specific medication can help a developing disease process. What does the nurse understand that genetic testing provided for the patient?
1. biological marker
2. phenotype
3. genotype
4. translocation
Correct Answer: 1
Biological markers are easily tracked, stable segments of DNA. Information gained from biological markers will provide information on how subtle differences in humans impact their response to drugs and the environment; thus making medical treatment and pharmacologic management more individualized. The observable, outward expression of an individual's entire physical, biochemical, and physiologic makeup, as determined by their genotype and environmental factors, is referred to as phenotype. The specific sequence of nucleotides is referred to as the individual's genotype. Translocation occurs when a segment of a chromosome transfers or moves and attaches itself to another chromosome.
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