Compare and contrast Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development.
What will be an ideal response?
The ideal answer should include:
1. Piaget proposed that children construct their knowledge of the world by exploring and interacting with their environments. Development proceeds through a universal series of stages that involve more and more highly adapted and structured thinking about the world. Children develop schemes, which are organized networks of knowledge. They use these schemes to interpret the world around them.
2. Vygotsky agreed that development involves bidirectional interactions of child and environment but emphasized how social environments shape child development. Vygotsky did not emphasize stages, but rather that cognitive development happens through social interaction with a more knowledgeable adult. Piaget thought cognitive skills could be understood in their pure form, but Vygotsky proposed that cognition was best understood within its social, cultural, and historical context.
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a. sensation; associated meaning b. stimulus; a receptor c. receptor; a sensory pathway d. afterimage; a motor response e. phosgene; associated meaning
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a. telling b. selling c. participating d. delegating
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a. X c. autosomal b. Y d. sex