Summarize Tough's model for language use and give at least five examples of a function and sample teacher questions that could be used in the classroom
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Tough's work was built upon several theoretical bases that helped answer two major questions: What does the child achieve by using language? What meaning does the child attach to it? Tough's functions include self-maintaining, directing, reporting, reasoning, predicting, projecting, and imagining. Tough believed that these functions more adequately allow teachers to analyze children's discourse as well as plan assessment and teaching activities. For each function, Tough identified several specific activities that further support the teacher.
1. Self/Group Maintaining Are you hungry?
2. Directing Is your group finished?
3. Reporting What did you find out?
4. Reasoning Why were there so many hurricanes?
5. Predicting What can be done to help?
6. Projecting How would you feel if you were there?
7. Imagining Can you think of a different ending?
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