Four-year-old Tony is an active, curious preschooler. His mother, Geneva, says he "plays hard." Tony says he wants to be the best, to climb the highest, and run the fastest. He feels that his father, Eric, is the best father in the whole wide world because Daddy is big and strong. Tony wants to be just like Daddy when he grows up.Tony and Eric do all kinds of "boy things," as Geneva calls it. Tony says he thinks Daddy is smart and fun. Tony especially likes it when he and Eric wrestle on the floor each night when they watch sports on TV together. They like to watch contact sports, such as hockey, and they cheer together if the players start a fight. Tony also watches TV most afternoons while he waits for Eric to come home from work. Tony's favorite shows are crime-fighting cartoons, but
he also likes to watch wrestling.Geneva often scolds Tony for playing too roughly with other children. She used to put Tony in time out for 5 minutes when he misbehaved, but that did not decrease Tony's roughhousing and misbehaving. One time, when he hurt his cousin with his roughhousing, Geneva gave him a spanking to show him what it feels like and to stop his behavior. She had been so overcome with frustration over not being able to stop Tony's roughhousing that she didn't know what else to do. Geneva bought Tony a special doll for boys, named My Buddy, but this upset Eric, who said that dolls are for girls. Eric insisted that Geneva give away the My Buddy doll to charity.Tony's preschool teacher has called his parents a few times to report Tony's aggressive behavior with other children-mostly boys, as he tends to be more gentle and agreeable with girls, as long as they don't defy him. Geneva has apologized for his aggressiveness and has taken time off from her job to observe Tony's class at preschool and encourage Tony to learn better social skills. Eric, however, says that rough play simply is what boys do, and expresses satisfaction at Tony's dominant behavior. He tells Tony to "be a man" and defend himself if other children try to push him around.Considering what you have learned about gender roles and sexuality through the lifespan, what predictions would you make for Tony's sexual activity as he goes through puberty, the teenage and emerging adult years, and beyond?
What will be an ideal response?
Suggested Answer: It is likely that Tony will continue to act in aggressive ways in terms of his social behavior with others, just as he has with other children when he plays. As an adolescent and young adult, he may be very assertive in terms of sexual activity with female partners. He may also believe that, as a male, he should play the dominant role in relationships.
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Why did the number of AIDS-related deaths decrease in the late 1990s?
A. the incidence of homosexuality decreased B. a change in the definition of AIDS C. several breakthroughs in drug treatment D. breakthroughs in discovering a cure
Which of the following is a component of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy?
A. hatha yoga B. free association C. meditation D. hypnosis
Stephanie has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD). While participating in a research study at her university, her brain activity was assessed during a decision-making task. Compared with healthy controls, what difference might the researchers observe in Stephanie's brain activity?
A. Her hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex would have increased volume. B. Her orbitofrontal cortex would be more active. C. Her left cerebral hemisphere would show increased activity. D. Her anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) would show abnormal activation.