Discuss the etiology of acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury is classified based on etiology as pre-renal, intrinsic, or post-renal. Pre-renal AKI results from conditions that reduce perfusion and cause ischemic damage to the kidney. Potential causes include severe dehydration, circulatory collapse, or fluid losses from the GI tract or from extensive wounds. Intrinsic (parenchymal) AKI refers to damage within the kidney cells. This could occur after exposure to toxins such as antibiotics, chemotherapy, or contrast dyes, or with systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis. Other causes of intrinsic AKI include acute infections such as glomerulonephritis or inflammation from conditions such as Sgöjren's syndrome. Post-renal (obstructive) AKI results from a blockage of the ureter or neck of the bladder. Possible causes of obstruction include kidney stones, blood clots, and tumors.
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