Which of the following explains why a sample of the filtrate taken from the proximal tubule is NOT ideal for conducting a drug test or toxicology screen?
A) Many of the toxins and drugs are not added to urine until it enters the bladder.
B) As soon as the toxins and drugs enter the proximal tubule, they are immediately reabsorbed.
C) Some of the toxins and drugs do not enter the filtrate until they are secreted in the distal tubule.
D) Only a blood test can detect drugs and toxins because they are too large to enter the kidney tubule system.
C
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X chromosome inactivation is caused by the accumulation of:
A. proteins produced by the Xist gene; these proteins induce methylation, histone modification, and other changes associated with preventing transcription. B. coding RNA produced by the Xist gene; this RNA, in addition to coding for Xist proteins, binds to and coats the X chromosome undergoing inactivation and physically prevents it from being transcribed. C. non-coding RNA produced by the Xist gene, which coats the X chromosome and physically prevents it from being unwound, "unzipped," and transcribed. D. non-coding RNA produced by the Xist gene, which coats the X chromosome and induces methylation, histone modification, and other changes associated with preventing transcription. E. None of these choices accurately describe the process of X chromosome inactivation.
In the correct order from smallest to largest, list the levels of organization present in most animals.
What will be an ideal response?
Smooth ER has several functions including regulating ___________ levels in muscle cells, breaking down _____________ in liver cells, making membrane lipids called __________, and producing steroid ____________, in the ovaries and testes.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Rigor mortis sets in after the death of humans and other animals because the supply of ATP decreases to the point at which calcium can no longer be removed from the cell. At this point, the myosin molecules attach to the thin filament. The muscles
stiffen, and limbs cannot be moved. Why and for how long does the muscle then remain in this continuously contracted state? What will be an ideal response?