Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Poor-quality clinical specimens are unlikely to produce clinically relevant results.
2. The Director of the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory (CML) is ultimately responsible for the quality of clinical specimens submitted to the CML.
3. Special disinfection procedures are required to prevent indigenous microflora of the skin from contaminating blood cultures.
4. Bacteriuria is a sure sign of urinary tract infection.
5. CSF specimens are treated as “stat” specimens in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory.
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE
5. TRUE
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Proto-oncogenes can change into oncogenes that cause cancer. Which of the following best explains the presence of these potential time bombs in eukaryotic cells?
A) Proto-oncogenes first arose from viral infections. B) Proto-oncogenes normally help regulate cell division. C) Proto-oncogenes are genetic "junk." D) Proto-oncogenes are mutant versions of normal genes. E) Cells produce proto-oncogenes as they age. Answer: B
Ecology is:
a. a type of life style. b. the study of the interaction of organisms and their environment. c. a place where organisms live. d. what happens when a predator consumes a prey item. e. the study of the physical environment in an ecosystem.
Both bacteria and archaea are which of the following types of organism?
a. eukaryotic b. prokaryotic c. nucleoplasmic d. multicellular
The membrane attack stage of the complement cascade involves
A. C1q binds to surface receptors on a membrane. B. cleaving of C3 to yield C3a and C3b. C. initiation of the cascade. D. production of inflammatory cytokines. E. the assembly of a ring-shaped protein that forms holes in bacterial cell membranes and virus envelopes.