Describe the physical processes that result in the summer and winter stratification in temperate zone lakes. What
causes the mixing in the spring and fall? What are major consequences of the winter stratification on the biota of the lake? What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider: During the summer, the water above the thermocline is warmer (and
less dense) than the bottom waters, setting up summer stratification; during the cooling in the
fall, the thermocline disappears and the lake will mix from top to bottom; during the winter,
the lake cools and ice may form at the top, effectively insulating the lake from further cooling
(organisms living below the ice experience temperatures ranging from 0 °C to 4 °C, but do
not freeze); the spring turnover occurs after the ice melts and mixing again occurs; summer
stratification follows.
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).