An elderly female client has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. Which of the following characteristics of the client is most likely implicated in the etiology of her current health problem? The client:
A) Has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes several years earlier
B) Takes a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor each day for the treatment of hypertension
C) Recently had a urinary tract infection
D) Has peripheral vascular disease
Ans: C
Feedback:
There are two routes by which bacteria can gain access to the kidney: ascending infection from the lower urinary tract and through the bloodstream. Ascending infection from the lower urinary tract is the most important and common route by which bacteria reach the kidney, resulting in acute pyelonephritis. Diabetes, hypertension controlled by a diuretic and an ACE inhibitor, and peripheral vascular disease are not associated with acute pyelonephritis.
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