In the 1800s, what was the popular medical explanation for the cause of sickness?
A) bacterial infection
B) bad fluids
C) demonology
D) environmental toxins
B
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Fraleigh contends that the best measure of academic achievement is
____________. a. reports given by parents b. qualitative statements by teachers that often accompany report cards c. scores on standardized intelligence tests d. scores on standardized achievement tests e. grades
Stacking is the practice of
a. giving high status players the most dangerous positions. b. failing to recruit female athletes. c. ensuring that women's teams have the same access to resources that men's do. d. using bribes as incentives to attract particularly desirable players. e. assigning the less central positions on the basis of race or ethnicity.
A survey of violence associated with the labor movement concluded that _______
A. the use of violence was highly correlated with achieving the goals of the labor union B. the use of violence was always ruled out and therefore never used C. the use of violence achieved the goals of the labor union about 50% of the time D. the use of violence was almost always harmful to the union
Unavoidable punishments that are experienced when a behavior also elicits positive reinforcement are called
a. losses. b. retributions. c. costs. d. dysfunctions.