Which would not be considered evidence for the establishment of an evidence-based protocol for reducing falls in frail elderly people? A report or paper on the:
a. correlational study investigating the use of pain medications and incidence of falls in hospitalized elderly people.
b. ethical position paper on restraining elderly people in extended care facilities.
c. expert opinion statement regarding balance training and therapy.
d. meta-analysis of reporting falls among elderly people in extended care facilities.
ANS: B
Ethical position statements examine the potential violation of rights. These documents are not reports of conducted research and are not considered research evidence.
Correlational studies are used as evidence in reviews for the establishment of evidence-based guidelines.
Expert opinions are used; however, they are considered the lowest level for inclusion.
Meta-analyses are used as evidence in reviews for the establishment of evidence-based guidelines.
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