Enzymes work by lowering the ________ energy of a reaction.
a) kinetic
b) potential
c) released
d) activation
Answer: d) activation
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Which term-definition pair is mismatched?
A. Coagulase - dissolves fibrin clots B. Capsule - antiphagocytic factor C. Leukocidins - damage white blood cells D. Fimbriae - adherence to substrate E. Hemolysins - damage red blood cells
How can urine contain a higher concentration of wastes (be hypertonic) than the blood?
Select one: a. Urine cannot since the process is passive diffusion. b. Reabsorption of water in the loop of the nephron and collecting ducts leaves behind a more concentrated urine. c. All stages in the kidney involve active transport. d. Urine can be hypertonic for small molecules if it is hypotonic for an equal number of big molecules. e. The whole nephron is impermeable to water.
Which aquatic ecosystem is characterized by ocean tides and river flow stirring up nutrients and producing abundant life?
A) the pelagic zone B) the intertidal zone C) estuaries D) wetlands E) coral reefs
Define "pathogen-associated molecular patterns" (PAMPs) and explain why they are crucial to our body's immune response against pathogens? Limit your answer to two sentences
What will be an ideal response?