What reform is desperately needed in corrections today, at the start of the 21st century, and why?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers should include some reference to the prison population boom mentioned at the end of this chapter. Other related issues include unprecedented growth in prison construction, increased overcrowding, and reduction of early-release mechanisms. Our current correctional system is under major strain, and new ideas and reforms are needed to alleviate that stress.
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Avoiding behavior neglects both the person's own concerns and the concerns of the other person
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
A phi coefficient of .40 would explain about 16 percent of the variation in the two variables being correlated
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. Monetary fines are perhaps the least serious of sanctions, followed by a very wide range of intermediate community-based sanctions. 2. Negative reinforcement is the removal of a valued stimulus when the offender commits an undesired behavior. 3. Determinate sentencing consists of fixed periods of incarceration with no later flexibility in the term that is served. 4. Mitigating factors do not exonerate an offender but do make the commission of the crime more understandable and also help reduce the level of culpability the offender might have taken. 5. Classical criminologists appealed to the use of reason in applying punishments, and that is precisely what a continuum seeks to achieve.
Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a. A federal grand jury can refuse to return an indictment requested by a United States Attorney. b. A grand jury can receive and consider hearsay testimony. c. A grand jury does not have to honor an evidentiary privilege such as the marital privilege. d. Federal grand juries comprise sixteen to twenty-three persons, yet the "12 votes for indictment" rule applies in every case.