A comatose patient with pancreatic cancer requires pain management by the oncology nursing staff. After multiple attempts, the nurses are unable to establish venous access
Intravenous medications cannot be administered by the nurses in this scenario. Which of the following is the best alternative route for pain medication administration in this case? 1. subcutaneous injection in abdominal tissue
2. rectal suppository
3. injection in deltoid muscle
4. injection in vastus lateralis muscle
2
Rationale: The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research guidelines (1992) recommend rectal and sublingual routes when pain medication cannot be administered orally or intravenously. Subcutaneous and intramuscular injections cause pain and, in some instances, tissue damage; therefore, these routes are not recommended.
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