________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure.
A. generalizability
B. operational definition
C. reliability
D. validity
Ans: D. validity
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The first classification of mental disorders involved __________.
A. identifying the biological causes of the disorders, so a person could be tested for them B. understanding the theoretical descriptions of different disorders C. recognizing symptoms that occurred together often enough to be regarded as a type of mental disorder D. identifying the types of thoughts that people with different mental illnesses tended to have
In the Thom et al. (2000) study of the treatment of dental-phobic patients, if participants in the two experimental groups showed reduced anxiety from pretest to posttest, could the researchers conclude that the treatments were effective in reducing anxiety? a. Yes. Reduction in anxiety for the experimental groups would prove the effectiveness of the treatment
b. No. There are many possible reasons why patients would show reduced anxiety, so the only way to know if the cause was the treatments would be to use a control group that did not get a treatment. c. Yes, but only if one of the groups had a greater reduction in anxiety than the other. d. No. To conclude that the treatments were effective, they would need to see if the effects last for many years afterwards.
Boys tend to react more aggressively to watching an aggressive video. This may have something to do with the genetics of being male or with the way males are socialized. This illustrates the ____ theme from the text
a. active child b. nature-nurture c. holistic development d. quantitative-qualitative change
Wilhelm Wundt felt that the object of psychology was the study of the mind as a natural event and that the best way to approach the study of psychology was to
a. break down conscious experience into basic elements. b. focus on the continuity between conscious experience and behavior. c. analyze the relationship between sensory stimuli and behavior. d. determine the functions of conscious experience.