Research over some decades has established that development __________.
A. does not occur in a serious of sharply differentiated stages
B. usually occurs in a serious of sharply differentiated stages
C. always occurs in a serious of sharply differentiated stages
D. does not follow any sequence to be described in stages
Answer: A
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Earlier learning viewpoints considered classical and operant conditioning to be automatic processes involving only environmental events that did not depend at all on biological or cognitive factors. Research on which of the following concepts cast doubt on this point of view?
a. signal relations and preparedness b. extinction and generalization c. ratio and interval schedules d. discrimination and spontaneous recovery
In research terms, research questions about behavior that follow from a theory are called ____
a. speculations b. hypotheses c. assumptions d. proposals
Chad recalls that Jack the Ripper was a serial killer who terrorized London in 1888, but he has no idea if he originally learned this information from a book, a television show, a movie, or a story from another person. Chad is experiencing a failure of _____ memory.
A) source B) prospective C) semantic D) implicit
Children who are high in academic self-esteem and motivation make __________ attributions, crediting their successes to __________
A) learned-helpless; luck B) mastery-oriented; ability C) externally focused; effort D) achievement-related; luck