Earlier learning viewpoints considered classical and operant conditioning to be automatic processes involving only environmental events that did not depend at all on biological or cognitive factors. Research on which of the following concepts cast doubt on this point of view?
a. signal relations and preparedness
b. extinction and generalization
c. ratio and interval schedules
d. discrimination and spontaneous recovery
A
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Explain the four parenting styles identified by Diana Baumrind, and provide an example of each.
What will be an ideal response?
Dr. Samuel Cartwright’s diagnosis of drapetomania, which purported to explain why slaves sought freedom, exemplifies:
A) the recognition of the intolerable conditions of slavery and the need to escape those conditions. B) how notions of mental disorder can serve the interests of those who are in power by putting a veneer of science on a subjective process. C) how great suffering elicits the "fight-or-flight" response, which is a normal human reaction. D) recognition of panic disorder as far back as the early years of the nineteenth century.
Jim believes that he can improve his financial situation by getting a second job. Jim is exercising a. primary control
b. secondary control. c. implicit stereotyping. d. skill acquisition.
Most psychological disorders appear to be influenced by many individual genes rather than caused by one single gene, a type of influence referred to as a. systemic
b. polygenic. c. unigenic. d. morphogenic.