When tumor cell DNA is examined from people at different stages of the same cancer type, mutations that are common to all of them
A) act early in the disease.
B) act late in the disease.
C) acted on an initial cell and then reverted to wild type.
D) entered the cells on the same type of virus.
A) act early in the disease.
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Which of these hormone-effect pairs is mismatched?
A. growth hormone-linear growth B. glucagon-blood pressure C. aldosterone-blood osmolality D. thyroid hormone-metabolism E. glucagon-glucose regulation
Congenital non-spherocytic haemolyic anaemia (CNSHA) is caused by a mutation of one or more of the enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. The most common is a mutation in the gene for pyruvate kinase resulting in a non-functional enzyme. Patients with CNSHA often show marked ATP deficiencies. Given what you know about this enzyme’s action, why would this be expected?
a. Pyruvate kinase produces ATP when it phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. b. Pyruvate kinase uses excess ATP when it phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate. c. Pyruvate kinase produces ATP when it generates pyruvate from phosphophoenolpyruvate (PEP). d. Pyruvate kinase uses excess ATP when it catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate.
All cells possess a _____________
a. cell wall b. nucleus c. plasma membrane d. nucleolus
Which type of fossil is considered a trace
fossil?
a. footprint b. shell c. seeds d. teeth e. spores