Sam is a young adult who is enrolled in college in the United States. He is taking a broad range of courses and is passionate about automobiles and motorcycles. He has the capacity to perform tasks that Piaget would deem formal operational; however, he uses his cognitive ability selectively. In which of the following courses is he more likely to use formal operations to perform cognitive tasks?
A. literature
B. small engine repair
C. computer-aided design
D. psychology and sociology
Answer: B
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After running a t-test on the mean numbers of jelly beans that men and women eat over the course of the year, I conclude that men eat significantly more jelly beans than women. If men and women actually eat the same number of jelly beans, my conclusion is
a. a valid conclusion b. a Type I error c. a Type II error d. an example of power
Which of the following had NOT been used to explain the fact that social cognitive skills tend to hold up better than non-social cognitive skills in later life?
a. The fact that the brain cortex responsible for social cognition skills ages slower than brain areas supporting non-social cognitive skills b. The fact that social skills are practiced (exercised) everyday c. The fact that older adults tend to have more strongly held beliefs about people when making social-cognitive decisions d. The fact that older adults reject the use of "rules of thumb" in social cognitive decision-making
Regarding learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Most human behavior is learned. b. If you suddenly lost all you had ever learned, you would be unable to speak, feed yourself, or find your way home. c. Learning includes temporary changes in behavior as well as changes due to motivation and fatigue. d. There are different types of learning, including associative learning and cognitive learning.
Which of the following is the unavoidable anguish that comes from knowing we are personally responsible for our lives and need to make wise and courageous choices in order to find meaning in this impersonal world?
a. neurotic anxiety b. moral anxiety c. existential anxiety d. the anxiety reduction hypothesis