Regarding psychological factors that buffer the effects of stress, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The mechanism through which social networks and sociability affect vulnerability to illness remains to be determined.
b. Psychologists believe that optimism can be learned.
c. Optimism is a strong predictor of long-term survival among heart disease patients.
d. Psychological hardiness among undergraduates is linked to higher academic achievement.
e. Optimism has been linked to better birth outcomes among pregnant women, as well as better psychological adjustment among cancer patients.
c
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Christine is relatively relaxed, patient, easygoing, and amicable. Christine would be classified as having
a. a Type B personality. b. an internal locus of control. c. an external locus of control. d. a Type A personality.
A child wants a toy that is too big to be pulled straight through the bars of her crib. She studies the toy for some time and then grabs it, turns it sideways, and fits it through the bars. This child is using
a. primary circular reaction. b. invention of new means through mental combinations. c. secondary circular reactions. d. coordination of secondary schemes.
Which of the following is used in experiments, but not in the correlational method?
a. measurement of a variable such as how aggressive or how helpful people are b. systematically manipulating the situation c. representative sampling of people from a population d. surveys
Discuss the use of negative explanatory style.
What will be an ideal response?