Summarize Lawrence Kohlberg's three major levels of morality. What is Carol Gilligan's position with respect to Kohlberg's theory?
What will be an ideal response?
* At the preconventional level (ages 4 to 10), standards set by others are observed in order to receive reinforcement or avoid punishment.
* At the conventional role conformity level (ages 10 to 13), rules and standards are internalized, and behaviors are performed in order to please others
* At the autonomous moral principle level (age 13 or later), control over moral conduct is completely internalized.
* Gilligan has criticized Kohlberg's theory because it was developed with only males, and she views females as more concerned with the context in which a behavior occurs and the relationships involved.
You might also like to view...
According to Piaget, the stage-five infant is like a
child in the "terrible twos." neurotic who cannot take no for an answer. mime who imitates behavior of all kinds. scientist who experiments to see.
A researcher might test the influence of environment on cognitive development by taking newborn children away from their parents and assigning half of them to a rich cognitive environment and half to a deprived cognitive environment. What is wrong with this experiment?
A. There is nothing wrong with this experiment. B. There is no control group. C. The experimental method violates ethical standards. D. There is no way to control for the Hawthorne effect.
A boy is pestering his mother for candy in the grocery store, whining for ten minutes and saying things like, "I want candy! Please? Just this once! Oh, come on, Mom, please?" His mother ignores him for ten minutes, but finally gives in and says
, "Oh, all right. Here it is. Just stop whining!" If the boy engages in more whining in the future, and the mother gives in even more easily, which of the following would apply to the mother? A) Negative punishment B) Positive punishment C) Negative reinforcement D) Positive reinforcement
Restructuring the material to be learned so that it is arranged categorically is the major feature of the control process called:
a. scripts b. organization c. mental imagery d. semantic elaboration