The neurological patient's intracranial pressure (ICP) is increasing. A treatment to try and normalize ICP and maintain adequate cerebral perfusion is
A) to drain cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).
B) add PEEP to ventilatory settings.
C) to administer a loop diuretic.
D) to lower the head of the bed to 10 degrees.
A
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A researcher is studying the likely occurrence rate of secondary cancers after a new schedule of chemotherapy for childhood leukemia, using a biochemical marker obtained by blood draw six months after the initiation of chemotherapy
What is the rationale for using this marker as a proximate outcome, rather than counting the actual rate of secondary cancers? a. Research on recurrent cancers in children labels them as vulnerable, causing psychological harm. b. The final endpoint is not obtainable over a reasonable span of time, since secondary cancers can occur at any age. c. Most proximate endpoints are unreliable variables and should not be used unless there are no final endpoints. d. The researcher is not interested in whether children suffer a secondary malignancy; the researcher is merely interested in the marker value.
Topical diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is available OTC to treat itching. Patients or parents should be instructed regarding the use of topical diphenhydramine that:
1. For maximum effectiveness in treating itching, combine topical with oral diphenhydramine. 2. Topical diphenhydramine is the treatment of choice in treating poison ivy or poison oak. 3. Topical diphenhydramine should not be used in children younger than age 2 years. 4. When applying topical diphenhydramine, apply the cream liberally to all areas that itch.
What is the most important factor in the spread of TB from lower-income countries to higher-income countries?
a. births b. emigration c. distribution d. immigration e. deaths
A client has been prescribed a thrombolytic, and asks the nurse to explain why this medication has been prescribed. Which reply by the nurse is the most appropriate?
1. "These medications are used to prevent the formation of clots." 2. "These medications inhibit the normal removal of fibrin, thus keeping the clot in place for a longer period of time." 3. "These medications are used to dissolve life-threatening clots." 4. "These medications are used to prevent clotting action of platelets."