Briefly describe these parts of a typical cell and their role in energy metabolism nucleus, mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and the cytoplasm.

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

The nucleus contains the chromosomes, which contain the genetic material DNA. The mitochondria are known as the “powerhouses” of the cells. The mitochondria are intricately folded membranes that house all the enzymes involved in conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, fatty acid oxidation, the TCA cycle, and the electron transport chain. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes that serve as the site of lipid synthesis. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is dotted with ribosomes—the site of protein synthesis. The cytoplasm lies inside the cell membrane. It is a lattice-type structure that supports and controls the movement of the cell’s structure. A protein-rich jelly-like fluid called the cytosol fills the spaces within the lattice. The cytosol contains the enzymes involved in glucose breakdown (glycolysis).