One source of trait variations among individuals is the process of fertilization, in which when new combinations of maternal and paternal alleles are produced. What other sources contribute to trait variations within a species?
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Genetic mutations are the main source of generating new alleles, which lead to new traits. Mutations are constantly occurring within a population.
Other sources of variation include two events that occur during meiosis. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes produces new combinations of alleles and independent assortment of homologous chromosomes produces new combinations of chromosomes. Both of these events lead to the production of gametes with a lot of variation in traits.
Finally, variation can also arise from the change in chromosome number or structure.
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