Identify and explain the seven defining characteristics of collaboration as stipulated by M. Friend and L. Cook.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Answers should include:
• Collaboration is voluntary. It should not be forced on anyone. School professionals and their colleagues should be allowed to choose to collaborate.
• Collaboration requires parity among all participants. Parity is the quality or state of being equal or equivalent. Each person’s contribution to the group must be equally valued and each person must have equal power in decision making.
• Collaboration is based on mutual goals. Individuals may have differing opinions and goals across many areas; however, each must agree that the specific goal toward which they are working is mutually valued and agreed upon.
• Collaboration depends on shared responsibility for participation and decision making. All members of the collaborative team have joint or shared responsibility. Shared responsibility does not imply equal responsibility of completing tasks, but it does not preclude the team from sharing responsibility for participation and decision making.
• Individuals who collaborate share resources. Resources may include expertise, time, availability, or materials. Individual members will have different resources available to them. Sharing resources can be difficulty; however true collaborators work together in taking advantage of what is available to them.
• Individuals who collaborate share accountability for outcomes. Shared accountability for outcomes is an outgrowth of shared responsibility.
• A sense of community evolves from collaboration.
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We took a sample of children who had been learning to play a musical instrument for five years. We measured the number of hours they spent practising each week and assessed their musical skill by how many of 8 increasingly difficult exams they had passed. We also asked them whether their parents forced them to practise or not (were their parents pushy?). What does the following graph shpw?
A. The more time spent practising, the more musically skilled the children were and this relationship was stronger for those who had pushy parents compared to those who did not. B. The more time spent practising, the more musically skilled the children were, and this relationship was stronger for children who did not have pushy parents than for those who did. C. Children with pushy parents always passed more grade exams than those without. D. Practice causes better exam performance.