Valentina first started smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol in high school. After realizing that these drugs were not that harmful, she began experimenting with other, more dangerous drugs. In Valentina's case, tobacco and alcohol served as:

What will be an ideal response?


gateway drugs.

Nutritional Science

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The two leading causes of death among the elderly are heart disease and _____.

A. cancer B. influenza  C. arthritis D. Alzheimer's disease E. diabetes

Nutritional Science

Which of the following is not required on a Nutrition Facts panel?

A. The amount per serving of all vitamins and minerals for which there is a RDA B. The serving size C. Total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol per serving D. Total calories from vitamin D per serving

Nutritional Science

How does creatine enhance muscle performance?

A) ?It reduces the muscle's oxygen requirement. B) ?It speeds up ATP utilization. C) ?It improves contractile performance and brings about hypertrophy. D) ?It helps to add more muscle fibers to the muscle.

Nutritional Science

Households classified as having low food security experience reduced food quality and reduced variety of foods,

A. but not necessarily reduced food intake. B. and reduced food intake. C. but not reduced dairy food intake. D. None of the above

Nutritional Science