Which of the following is not a purpose of institutional review boards?
a. to determine whether adequate safeguards are in place to protect the welfare of human subjects
b. to make sure that grant money is spent appropriately
c. provide outside or third-party judgments
d. to provide expert advice on the resolution of ethical dilemmas
b
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Stress and tensions arising from the work environment can be reduced significantly by improving ______.
a. supervisory practices b. personal hygiene c. laws and ordinances d. policy and procedures
Courts of original jurisdiction are also called:
a. trial courts b. constitutional courts c. magistrate courts d. appellate courts
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Criminal justice researchers, unlike physical scientists, find their subject matter a topic of popular discussion in which the layperson’s experience is viewed as just as good a guide to policy as that of the researcher. 2. A theory is a model or schema that provides a perspective from which to view reality. 3. A paradigm is a plausible explanation of reality (why and how do things occur). 4. Edwin Sutherland’s concept of “white-collar crime” serves as an example of a paradigm revolution in criminology, a radical reorientation in theoretical views of the nature of criminality. 5. Methodology involves the collection of hypotheses and/or data regarding the nature of crime and criminal justice.
In the United States, the peak years of risk for being a victim of homicide are _____
a. teenage years b. early 20s c. early 30s d. late 50s.