During _______________, the nuclear envelope disappears, and the chromosomes become distinct.
a) telophase.
b) metaphase.
c) interphase.
d) anaphase.
e) prophase.
Answer: e) prophase.
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There are two different mating types in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and they can switch from one type to another
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
During apoptosis, caspases
A) activate enzymes that cut DNA into same-sized pieces. B) cause mitochondria to replicate their DNA. C) alter the cell surface so that viruses can more easily enter. D) remove introns from DNA.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TF) is a genetic disorder characterized by four major malformations of the heart. The circulation of blood is abnormal, so TF patients have too little oxygen in their blood. Inadequate oxygen levels result in damaged mitochondrial membranes, which in turn cause cells to self-destruct. In 2004, Sarah Kuruvilla and her colleagues looked at abnormalities in the mitochondria of
heart muscle in TF patients. Some of their results are shown in Figure 7.13 (on previous slide). What conclusion do the data support about mitochondrial abnormalities and levels of oxygen saturation of the blood (SPO2)?
1.Abnormalities in size of mitochondria is not an important factor.
2.Abnormalities in number of mitochondria have a significant impact on SPO2.
3.The combination of broken mitochondria and abnormal numbers of mitochondria causes the lowest levels of SPO2.
4.Younger patients have lower levels of SPO2.
Why would rapid change in climate potentially lead to ecological problems?
A. Evolution is unlikely to occur quickly enough to keep pace with biome changes. B. Animals don't migrate fast enough. C. Most biome shifts lead to rainforest formation and shading out of native plants. D. Water availability will decrease, driving aquatic species extinct. E. All of the answer choices are correct.