Risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Cesarean delivery d. Fetal demise
b. Unusually large epi-siotomy e. Atypically attached placenta
c. Precipitous labor f. Previous uterine sur-gery
A, B, C, D, E, F
Risk factors for postpartum hemorrhage include cesarean delivery; unusually large episiotomy; precipitous labor; atypically attached placenta (accreta, previa, abruption); fetal demise; previous uterine surgery. Operative delivery with the use of forceps or vacuum extractor can also be a risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage.
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