How does the ecological approach to understanding exceptionality shape the interventions we develop for a child with exceptionalities?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Answer should indicate that the ecological approach takes into account a child's interaction with his/her environment, including the school, family, and community. Answer should explain how school, family, and community each can influence outcomes for a child.
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Why might operant conditioning theorists use the term reinforcement rather than “reward” because
a. one type of reinforcement (negative reinforcement) is actually a form of punishment. b. the term “reward” implies a desirable consequence, but not all reinforcers are desirable. c. the term “reward” can refer only to a material reinforcer. d. the term “reward” can refer only to a social reinforcer.
What question would you ask when doing internal criticism of a primary historical source?
a. Does the information agree with contemporary sources? b. Does the information represent the attitudes of the time? c. Is the document internally consistent? d. All of these are true.
Classroom bulletin board displays
(a) are a waste of time and space (b) can serve important educational functions (c) are best when done by groups of children (d) should be created only by the teacher, not by students (e) although useful for early grades teaching, are too limited and childlike for use in most middle grades classrooms
When finding a replacement behavior for a problem behavior, we must consider whether the replacement behavior ______.
A. serves the same function as the problem behavior B. has similar form as the problem behavior C. is a new and advanced behavior D. is a preferred action of the child