Explain why "a correlation does not prove causation."
What will be an ideal response?
A correlation suggests that two variables may be related and allows researchers to address the goal of prediction. However, the correlation does not tell us whether a cause-effect relationship exists because correlation does not address the third variable problem; in other words, it does not tell how the variables are related: X may cause Y; Y may cause X; or Z may cause X and Y.
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In which chaining procedure is the behavioral chain completed in every trial?
a. backward chaining b. forward chaining c. total task presentation d. all of these
The term cognition refers to:
a. committing newly encountered facts to memory b. the activities that underlie all forms of thought c. developing new patterns of problem solving through maturation d. the development of new behaviors through reinforcement
Regarding client-centered therapy, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The client is encouraged to actively seek to solve his or her own problems. b. The client determines what will be discussed during each session. c. The therapist uses a directive approach to delve into the client's unconscious conflicts. d. The therapist's job is to create an "atmosphere of growth" and not to "fix" the client.
The conversion of the energy produced by falling water, into electrical power, at a
hydroelectric dam is analogous to a. anatomical coding. b. psychophysics. c. signal defection. d. temporal coding. e. transduction.