What is the definition of a true pathogen?
A) causes disease within one week of infecting the patient
B) must cause diarrhea, vomiting, and fever in the patient
C) needs to passed from one person to the next
D) does not require a weakened host to cause disease
E) can only be a bacteria or a virus
Answer: D
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Why should scarring of a fallopian tube raise the risks of an ectopic pregnancy?
A. Scarring may slow the progression of the ovum (egg) from the fallopian tubes into the uterus. If it is fertilized by a sperm cell while it is stopped in the fallopian tube, it may implant there, resulting in an ectopic pregnancy. B. Scarring can completely block the ovum (egg) from being able to exit the fallopian tube to enter the uterus. It may implant in the wall of the fallopian tube (since it can't enter the uterus) and result in an ectopic pregnancy. C. Scarring may allow the sperm cells to enter the fallopian tubes and bind to the scar tissue. The inflammatory response generated when this occurs is termed an ectopic pregnancy. D. Scarring of the fallopian tubes results from undiagnosed bacterial infections. These bacteria can also make the lining of the uterus inhospitable to implantation of a fertilized egg. If the fertilized egg can't implant into the wall of the uterus, it may travel back into the fallopian tube and implant there instead, resulting in an ectopic pregnancy.
Among Natterjack toads in northern Europe, males produce booming calls to attract females. Females desire large males and the size of the male determines the volume of the call. Why is the Natterjack's call considered an "honest signal"?
a) because the call of the Natterjack male accurately provides both distance and direction to the female b) because the female Natterjack toads were taught by their mothers to avoid dishonest signals c) because the call of a large Natterjack male cannot be faked by a smaller Natterjack male d) because the large Natterjack males invest more parental effort than smaller Natterjack males e) because the female Natterjack toads can detect a booming call from a small toad.
The parents in the figure shown are carriers of a genetic disorder. Based on the Punnett square, the allele that causes the disorder must be
a. autosomal. b. sex-linked. c. dominant. d. incompletely dominant.
While shopping at your local drugstore, you stop at the blood pressure machine. It measures your blood pressure as 115/75 (good-that's healthy!). This number means that
A. arterial pressure is 115 mm Hg when the atria contract and 75 mm Hg in between atrial contractions. B. your sinoatrial node generates a 115 mV signal and your atrioventricular node generates a 75 mV signal. C. arterial pressure is 115 mm Hg when the ventricles contract and 75 mm Hg in between ventricular contractions. D. your sinoatrial node generates a 75 mV signal and your atrioventricular node amplifies this to a 75 mV signal. E. arterial pressure is 75 mm Hg when the ventricles contract and 115 mm Hg in between ventricular contractions.