______ courts are specialized to meet the needs of a particular group of offenders.
A. Magistrate
B. Appeals
C. Problem-solving
D. General jurisdiction
C. Problem-solving
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How did the Corrective Education Company run afoul of the law while conducting their privately-operated retail theft diversion program in California?
a. They offered shoplifters an alternative to having a criminal record. b. They offered shoplifters no actual choice and a program agreement amounting to extortion. c. They showed videos explaining the downside of having a criminal record. d. They failed to retrieve fees from 45% of the offenders who signed up.
The 9/11 Commission was extremely critical of the government's:
A) ability to facilitate the flow of information. B) ability to reduce nuclear non-proliferation. C) ability to efficiently run the intelligence apparatus. D) ability to protect intelligence information.
______ is intended to cause vicarious learning whereby observers see that offenders are punished for a given crime, thus discouraging others from committing crime due to fear of punishment
A. Specific deterrence B. Individual deterrence C. Vicarious deterrence D. General deterrence
The first reform schools opened in ______.
A. New York B. California C. Nevada D. Illinois