Describe the use of free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of Freudian slips in understanding the unconscious
What will be an ideal response?
Free association is a Freudian technique in which clients are encouraged to talk about any thoughts or images that enter their head; the assumption is that this kind of free-flowing, uncensored talking will provide clues to unconscious material.
Dream interpretation, a Freudian technique of analyzing dreams, is based on the assumption that dreams contain underlying, hidden meanings and symbols that provide clues to unconscious thoughts and desires. Freud distinguished between the dream's obvious story or plot, called manifest content, and the dream's hidden or disguised meanings or symbols, called latent content.
Freudian slips are mistakes that we make in everyday speech; such slips of the tongue, which are often embarrassing, are thought to reflect unconscious thoughts or wishes.
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Describe how a paradigm can both direct and misdirect scientists
Anyone good with paradigms?
Omar can tie his shoes, but only with his mother's help. This suggests that tying shoes is
a. beyond Omar's scope of capability. b. within Omar's zone of proximal development. c. an innate process that simply needs nurturing to unfold. d. too difficult for a child his age and should not be attempted.
According to critics, the PACE Trial team are operating within a ______.
A. exploratory research design where they are trying to explore the outcomes of various interventions B. closed system or groupthink in which they ‘know’ their theory is correct C. research design where they are trying to replicate pre-existing the outcomes of various interventions D. none of these
Social reality refers to
A) parents' judgments about adolescents' readiness to participate in rites of passage. B) the practice of motivating adolescent students and athletes to achieve by comparing them with others. C) adolescents' beliefs that they are worthy of increasing independence even if their parents are reluctant to grant them the new autonomy they desire. D) understanding that is derived from how others act, think, feel, and view the world.