How did government in China and Japan change during the seventeenth century?
What will be an ideal response?
A. Changes in Chinese government
1. challenges made to mandarin scholars and Confucian ideals
a. Zhengde emperor (r. 1505–1521 ) tried to break their
power by moving out of the palace and surrounding
himself with eunuchs and monks
1. insisted on going on campaign on the Mongol frontier,
in defiance of the mandarins, to escape the suffocating
presence of his ministers
2. abandoned the expeditions when the scholars went on
strike, crippling the administration
b. Wanli emperor
1. proposed to assert his power by altering the rules of
succession, passing over his eldest son in favor of a son
by his favorite concubine
2. government came to halt for 10 years until emperor
backed down
2. intellectual trends reflected the way power shifted
a. emperors counted for nothing and the heroes were mandarins
b. Ming government was never fully effective after this crisis
3. shock of conquest by the Manchus made Chinese intellectuals rethink
the whole basis of political legitimacy
a. development of a doctrine of the sovereignty of the people
b. helped to keep radical criticism of the imperial system alive and
prepare Chinese minds for the later reception of Western
revolutionary ideas
B. Changes in Japanese government
1. period of deepening Japanese isolationism
a. governments did try increasingly to exclude foreign culture,
mainly Westerners
2. government severely controlled merchants and shipping
a. this was not to prevent trade
3. Japanese prosperity was founded on what Japanese call the Great Peace
a. era of internal peace that followed the reunification of Japan
early in the seventeenth century under a dynasty of chief
ministers, the Tokugawa
b. ruled as shoguns in Edo, while the emperors remained secluded
figureheads
c. key to stability was management of relations between the
shoguns and the 260 or so daimyo who ruled Japan's provinces
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In Mongol society, the phrase "crane catching" referred to
a. successful leaders forcing submission from rivals. b. the popular pastime of hunting birds. c. the success of Mongol merchants in establishing long-term contracts with buyers. d. a mysterious religious practice that is little understood today.
What did Churchill refer to with his words, "A rubble heap, a charnel house, a breeding ground for pestilence and hate"?
A) the economic collapse of Europe after World War II B) the fate of Eastern Europe under Soviet control C) China after Mao's victory D) the state of capitalism in the United States E) conditions in India on the eve of independence
Analyze how books, publications, and use of the media helped promote the progressive agenda. Use specific examples to support your explanation.
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following was true of slave life in the colonial period?
A) Most slaves ate fish or meat at every meal. B) Slaves were not allowed to modify their clothing in any way. C) Rice was a key part of the diet of low country slaves. D) Most slaves were not allowed to possess metal objects.