Heavy caseloads in state court systems
a. may be reduced by reliance on mediation and arbitration, which are now used by most states.
b. can be solved by more reliance on pretrial settlements and plea bargaining.
c. lower the possibility of appeals.
d. are solved by adding new trial court judges and appellate courts.
a
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The prime minister is the head of state in Britain
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
Both _de jure_ segregation and _de facto_ segregation are _________.
A. forms of racial segregation B. dependent on professional differences C. types of reverse discrimination D. directed toward Asian Americans
What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the Supreme Court decisions in the two cases involving the University of Michigan, Gratz v. Bollinger (2003) and Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)?
a. Affirmative action policies are generally permissible, but they cannot involve race-based quotas or numerical point systems. b. Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance. c. Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.-- d. All forms of affirmative action are unconstitutional because they unfairly favor some people over others based on the color of their skin.
Which of the following statements is not true of the secretary of state?
a. The secretary of state is the ranking member of the president’s cabinet and fourth in line of presidential succession. b. Although the secretary of state is assigned formal duties, the importance of the position has been declining since the end of World War II. c. The reorganization of USAID during the Clinton administration diminished the authority of the State Department and the secretary of state. d. At times, competition over resources and attention lead the secretary of state to personal conflict with other members of the president’s cabinet, such as the Secretary of Defense.