A patient has been experiencing severe chronic pain for 2 months. The nurse anticipates that the prescriber will order which medication, which would have a more consistent effect for the patient's chronic pain?
a. Meperidine (Demerol) via patient-controlled analgesia pump
b. Morphine (morphine sulfate) given intravenously
c. Fentanyl (Duragesic) transdermal patch
d. Hydromorphone hydrochloride (Dilaudid) orally
ANS: C
Fentanyl's half-life is very long; with transdermal application, levels remain steady for 24 to 48 hours.
Demerol is not a long-acting formula because of its short half-life, and it would not be used for chronic pain.
Morphine has a very short half-life and would not be used for chronic pain.
Hydromorphone given orally is not a long-acting formulation and would not be used to manage chronic pain.
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