Summarize the various theories of emotion
What will be an ideal response?
The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that emotional feelings result from bodily arousal. For example, you experience the emotion of fear after the environmental stimulus has triggered bodily arousal. This seems a little backwards to many people. According to this theory, a bear bounds out of the woods and roars, you start running, and when you notice your heart thumping you realize you are afraid.
The Cannon-Bard theory suggests emotional feelings and bodily arousal occur simultaneously. So when the bear appears, we simultaneously become afraid and experience physiological arousal. Since there is not much variability in the type of bodily arousal associated with different emotions, such arousal could not logically "cause" a particular emotional feeling. The twofactor model proposes that emotional experiences depend on our level of general arousal and a cognitive interpretation, or labeling, of that arousal. When we are aroused, we look around for cues and signals in the environment and then label the arousal as a particular arousal. So the same
arousal may be labeled as fear in one situation but anger in another. The dual- pathway theory suggests that there are two pathways involved in the processing of emotion. One pathway leads from the thalamus to the amygdala; it produces the emotional response of arousal. The other pathway leads to the cortex, where further processing of the stimulus occurs. This pathway produces the conscious awareness of the emotion.
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Suppose 40% of all of the books in a library are fiction and 2% of all of the books are on the Roman Empire. Wanda is a big fan of historical fiction novels. Which of the following is she LEAST likely to leave the library with?
A) a fiction book B) a book which involves the Roman Empire C) a fictional book that takes place in the Roman Empire D) the answer cannot be determined from the information given
An important point from the authors' discussion on why people need to care about the dangers of pseudoscience is that
A) harm rarely results from pseudoscientific beliefs or treatments. B) a lack of critical thinking may lead to a variety of negative outcomes on many different levels of society. C) people are often quite accurate and unbiased in their day-to-day decision making. D) quackery and pseudoscience are especially easy to detect without exposure to critical thinking or skepticism.
Which of the following is the key factor of Weber's law?
A. Strength of initial stimulus B. Number of senses engaged C. Frequency of stimulus exposure D. Culture of exposed subject
If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely to be practicing:
A) structural family therapy. B) conjoint family therapy. C) feminist therapy. D) self-help therapy.