Discuss which of the updates that created each of the tuples shown in Figure 26.9 were applied retroactively and which were applied proactively.

What will be an ideal response?


- V1, V6, V8, V9, and V11 are all products of proactive updates, because their TST occurred
before their
VST.
- V2, V3, V5, V7, and V10 are all products of retroactive updates, because their TST
occurred after their
VST.

Computer Science & Information Technology

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