Which of the following not only yields information about the existence of a relationship between variables in many studies but also an estimate of its magnitude?
A) Effect size
B) Problem formulation
C) Grey literature
D) Subgroup analysis
A
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Effect sizes are averaged across studies, yielding information about not only the existence of a relationship between variables in many studies, but an estimate of its magnitude. Problem formulation is the first step in both meta-analysis and metasynthesis studies and involves establishing the research question. Grey literature consists of studies with a more limited distribution, such as dissertations, unpublished reports, and so on. One strategy for exploring moderating effects on effect size is to do subgroup analyses, which involve splitting effect size information into distinct categorical groups—for example, men and women.
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