When the Martian axis tilt is large, the Martian poles
A) expand and remain permanently frozen, thinning the atmosphere
B) contract and partially vaporize, thickening the atmosphere
C) extend over the entire surface of the planet
D) completely disappear
B
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In an industrial plant a shell-and-tube heat exchanger is heating pressurized dirty water at the rate of 38 kg/s from 60 to 110°C by means of steam condensing at 115°C on the outside of the tubes. The heat exchanger has 500 steel tubes (ID = 1.6 cm, OD = 2.1 cm) in a tube bundle which is 9-m-long. The water flows through the tubes while the steam condenses in the shell. If it may be assumed that the thermal resistance of the scale on the inside pipe wall is unaltered when the mass rate of flow is increased and that changes in water properties with temperature are negligible, estimate (a) the heat transfer coefficient on the water side and (b) the exit temperature of the dirty water if its mass rate of flow is doubled.
GIVEN
? Shell-and-tube heat exchanger - dirty water in steel tubes, steam condensing in shell
? Water flow rate
( mw ) = 38 kg/s
? Water temperatures
? Tw,in = 60°C
? Tw,out = 110°C
? Steam temperature (Ts) = 115°C
? Number of tubes (N) = 500
? Tube diameters
? Di = 1.6 cm = 0.016 m
? Do = 2.1 cm = 0.021 m
? Tube bundle length (L) = 9 m
FIND
(a) The heat transfer coefficient on the water side
( hi )
(b) The exit temperature of the dirty water (Tw,out) if the mass flow rate
( mw FIND
(a) The heat transfer coefficient on the water side
( ) hi
(b) The exit temperature of the dirty water (Tw,out) if the mass flow rate
( mw ) is double
ASSUMPTIONS
? The thermal resistance of the scale in the pipe is unaltered when the mass flow rate is increased
? Changes in water properties with temperature are negligible
? Two, or a multiple of two, passes
? The dirty water has the same thermal properties as clean water
SKETCH
PROPERTIES AND CONSTANTS
From Appendix 2, Table 13, for water at the average temperature of 85°C
From Appendix 2, Table 10, the thermal conductivity of 1% carbon steel (ks) = 43 W/(m K) (at 20°C)
If tonight the phase of the moon is full when it rises, what will be the phase when the moon sets?
What will be an ideal response?
To drop a package to Earth from a satellite, project it
A) straight downward. B) ahead at satellite speed. C) behind at satellite speed. D) none of the above
What happens in the double-slit experiment with electrons if we place an electron detector just behind one of the slits?
A) This tells us which slit each electron comes through, and has no effect on the pattern formed on the screen. B) This tells us which slit each electron comes through, but it also changes the pattern formed on the screen. C) This provides no information concerning which slit each electron comes through, but it does change the pattern formed on the screen. D) This provides no information concerning which slit each electron comes through, and has no effect on the pattern formed on the screen. E) We can then predict the precise point at which the electron will strike the screen.