Describe the five steps of the nitrogen cycle. Include the bacteria and other organisms that are involved
in each step. What will be an ideal response?
Concepts to Consider: Nitrogen is fixed by various bacteria, including cyanobacteria, into ammonia
and organic forms; nitrification is the conversion of ammonia to nitrate, which is utilized by plants in
the process of assimilation; animals also assimilate nitrogen by eating plants; bacteria convert organic
nitrogen into ammonia by ammonification; bacteria further reduce nitrate into gaseous nitrogen in the
process of denitrification, a net loss of nitrogen to the ecosystem.
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Characteristics of which virus consist of a double-stranded genome and virions that appear as oval, brick-shaped structures of 200 to 400 nm in length? In addition, the World Health Organi-zation (WHO) eradicated this virus in 1980
a. Cowpox b. Chicken pox c. Swinepox d. Smallpox
Gated ion channels include each of the following except
A) voltage-gated channels. B) ligand-gated channels. C) mechanosensitive channels. D) patch clamp-gated channels. E) All of the above are types of gated channels.
The sequence Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) serves to retain proteins in the ER by
a. preventing their packaging into vesicles destined for the Golgi. b. binding to receptors within the membranes of the ER and Golgi, which retain them or return them to the ER. c. binding the SRP receptor in the ER membrane. d. associating with the lipids in the ER membrane.
Which of the following is most likely synthesized on free ribosomes?
A. Electron carriers of the electron transport chain B. Lysosomal enzymes C. Polypeptide chains that form enzymes that function in glycolysis D. Polypeptide chains that form immunoglobulin molecules