Describe three ways in which needs lower on Maslow's hierarchy differ from needs which are higher on his hierarchy
What will be an ideal response?
(1) Needs lower on the hierarchy are more primitive and more demanding than higher needs.
(2) As one moves up the hierarchy, needs are more distinctly human and less animalistic.
(3) Motives low on the pyramid are deficiency-based (result from deprivation); those higher on the pyramid are growth-based motives (e.g., actualization).
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Freud hypothesized that some psychological processes are universal. These include . . .
a. Laughing when we are anxious b. Having nightmares that are caused by emotional conflicts with other people c. Both of the above d. Neither of the above
Based on his functionalist views, William James might be MOST interested in which research question related to test-taking anxiety?
A) Is test-taking anxiety related to generalized anxiety disorder? B) Does anxiety provided motivation for increased study? C) What do participants report when they introspect about failing an exam? D) What brain regions are active when anxiety is experienced?
A celebrity makes an insensitive tweet and, as a consequence, loses thousands of followers. As a result, he is less likely to make insensitive tweets in the future. This illustrates which behavioural process?
A) positive reinforcement B) negative reinforcement C) positive punishment D) negative punishment
How could Skinner’s radical behaviorism explain Maria’s change in parenting style to encourage cooperation by her children? How does the focus of Skinner’s theory differ from that of Kelly’s?
What will be an ideal response?