A 71-year-old woman is dependent on oxygen therapy and bronchodilators due to her diagnosis of emphysema. Which of the following pathological processes occur as a result of her emphysema? Select all that apply
A)
Decreased elastic recoil due to alveolar damage
B)
Decreased residual lung volume due to impaired alveolar ventilation
C)
Increased anatomical dead space due to reduced tidal volume
D)
Increased alveolar dead space due to incorrect intrapleural pressure
Ans:
A, C, D
Feedback:
In lung pathology such as emphysema, large amounts of air are trapped at the end of a given breath, a situation that corresponds to increased residual volume and decreased vital capacity. Elastic recoil would tend to suffer, and both alveolar and anatomical dead space consequently increase.
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