All of the following are used to protect organisms from the toxic by-products of oxygen EXCEPT
A) carotenoids.
B) superoxide dismutase.
C) peroxidase.
D) protease.
E) catalase.
D
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What is the purpose of synthesizing a negative strand RNA in positive stranded ssRNA viruses?
A) enable rolling circle amplification of the genome, which requires both strands of RNA B) enable transcription of genes occurring on both the negative and positive strands of the genome, such as overlapping genes C) proofreading of the genome to minimize mutations generated by the polymerase being passed onto virion progeny D) to serve as the complementary template sequence in genome amplification of the positive strand
The cytoplasmic membrane of Thermoplasma contains a lipopolysaccharide-like material called lipoglycan which
A) behaves like peptidoglycan and creates a strong cell wall. B) forms a monolayer that stabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane. C) contains ether linkages. D) contains ether linkages and forms a monolayer that stabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane.
Decapod crustaceans (shrimps, lobsters, and crabs) all lack
A. a carapace, a dorsal cephalothorax shield. B. a ventral line of appendages, swimmerets. C. a tail spine, telson. D. chelicerae.
Most of the bacteria involved in periodontal disease are obligate (strict) anaerobes. Explain why this is the case.
A. Mouthwashes and toothpaste destroy most of the strict aerobes that are found on teeth. B. Sugar and other carbohydrates used by the oral bacteria can be more easily consumed anaerobically. C. The oral cavity is a low oxygen environment. D. The crevice between the gingiva and the tooth is low in oxygen.