The cytoplasmic membrane of Thermoplasma contains a lipopolysaccharide-like material called lipoglycan which
A) behaves like peptidoglycan and creates a strong cell wall.
B) forms a monolayer that stabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane.
C) contains ether linkages.
D) contains ether linkages and forms a monolayer that stabilizes the cytoplasmic membrane.
Answer: C
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In the microdilution broth dilution method, the interpretive criteria for the susceptible, interme-diate, or resistant categories are based on the:
a. quantitative differences (i.e., CFU/mL) in the turbidity in the test well. b. correlation of the MIC with se-rum-achievable levels of the common doses of the antimicrobial agent and the-rapeutic outcomes based on clinical stu-dies. c. either the presence or absence of zones of inhibition. d. FDA's recommendations based on a na-tional database of participating health care agencies providing antibiograms for re-view and publication as a summative re-port.
Ambergris is produced by dolphins
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that is activated by high levels of AMP in cells. If levels of AMP are high in cells, that means that levels of ATP are low. Once active, AMPK activates catabolic pathways and inhibits anabolic pathways in the cell. Why do you think that is the case? Choose the answer that best explains the role of AMPK.
A. Activating catabolic pathways and inhibiting anabolic pathways will ultimately lead to higher consumption of ATP, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell. B. High levels of AMP indicate that there is a high amount of energy stored in the cell, thus activating catabolic pathways and inhibiting anabolic pathways are mechanisms to use stored energy. C. By inhibiting anabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to generate heat for the cell, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell. D. By activating catabolic pathways, AMPK provides a mechanism to activate exergonic pathways, which is important if AMP levels are high in the cell.
How is the ability of phospholipids to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water important in the origin of life on Earth?
A. Membranes are used by cells to catalyze reactions. B. Membranes are used by cells to store genetic information. C. Membranes protect a cell from high temperatures and pressures in the environment. D. Membranes are used by cells to isolate their contents from the environment. E. Membranes protect a cell from gases in the atmosphere