For which reason(s) is/are elderly patients at increased risk for drug interactions and toxicity? (Select all that apply.)
a. They have a higher incidence of malnourishment.
b. Their renal function is enhanced.
c. They have increased use of multiple medications.
d. Hepatic function is reduced.
e. There are often issues with swallowing.
ANS: A, C, D
Older adult patients have an increased incidence of malnourishment, are often on multiple medications, and have reduced hepatic function, all of which put them at increased risk for drug interactions and toxicity. Renal function diminishes in the elderly as a result of decreased renal blood flow, reduced cardiac output, loss of glomeruli, and diminished tubular function and concentrating ability. Older adults have swallowing difficulties, leading to compliance issues, but taking drugs less often would not result in toxicity.
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