The primary care provider writes an order for the patient to receive an IV of a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as intracellular fluid. The nurse would correctly question which of the following IV orders? (Select all that apply.)
a. 5% dextrose in water
b. 0.45% sodium chloride
c. 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride
d. Lactated Ringer's solution
e. 0.9% sodium chloride
B, C
The solution being prescribed is an isotonic solution. 5% dextrose in water, Lactated Ringer's solution, and 0.9% sodium chloride are all isotonic solutions, whereas 0.45% sodium chloride is a hypotonic solution, and 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride is a hypertonic solution.
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Older people with type 2 diabetes mellitus frequently exhibit symptoms different from those in a younger people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Symptoms in an older person may include
a. Incontinence b. Frequent thirst c. Anorexia d. A and C
When administering medications that are normally excreted by the kidneys to an 86-year-old critically ill patient, the nurse should monitor renal function carefully because older clients have
A) decreased capacity to concentrate urine. B) decreased glomerular filtration rate. C) more muscle breakdown than younger patients, masking creatinine levels. D) increased filtration due to hormonal changes.
What would identify a person who is demonstrating heritage consistency?
a. Accepting all the elements of the domi-nant culture and attempting to fit in as much as possible b. Rejecting the dominant culture and cling-ing to the traditional ways of behavior c. Going along with the dominant culture during the workday but reverting to his or her own cultural practices when at home d. Refusing to learn the language of the do-minant culture
Standards for reporting methodologic elements are increasingly used. Researchers reporting a nonrandomized evaluation of interventions follow which guidelines?
A) IMRAD B) CONSORT C) STROBE D) TREND