Describe how you can train a dog to fetch a ball
What will be an ideal response?
One would use operant conditioning and specifically, shaping. If the dog was sitting near the ball, you would reward the dog. If the dog nudged the ball, that would also get a reward. If the dog chased the ball, that too would be rewarded. Finally, if the dog brought the ball back, this behavior would be rewarded.
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A previously neutral stimulus, that through conditioning acquires the capacity to evoke a response, is
a. a conditioned stimulus. b. an unconditioned stimulus. c. an unconditioned response. d. a conditioned response.
What did Lev Vygotsky conclude from observing the behaviors of the diverse peoples of the former Soviet Union?
Culture influences how a person learns. Diversity itself contributes to learning. People learn new behaviors by working with mentors. New behaviors can only be learned in new contexts.
Ursula loves her children and spends a lot of time with them. However, she is not good at setting or enforcing rules, so her children frequently do whatever they want. Ursla's parenting style would be described as ______________
A) authoritarian B) authoritative C) indulgent-permissive D) indifferent-uninvolved
Why is punishment used as a last resort to change maladaptive behavior?
a) It is difficult to find suitable punishers. b) Behaviors that are punished actually increase in frequency. c) Punishment is ineffective in changing maladaptive behaviors. d) Ethical and legal considerations require that other means be tried first.